Word: apprenticeships
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Cressman defended the ability of the parties to absorb young political activists. But he warned that "young people must expect a good long period of disappointment, frustration, and humiliation." It was a strength of the system that none came to power without "an arduous apprenticeship...
Dodge and Delay. One immediate issue dividing blacks and union leaders is the apprenticeship system, in which trainees undergo a four-or five-year learning period before being admitted as full-fledged journeymen. Blacks charge, with considerable justice, that the system is often used more as a barrier than as an entranceway. Only 4% of the apprentices in the union-regulated programs are black. Union leaders argue that the apprenticeship system is necessary to maintain a high standard of skill. It takes only 16 months to train an Air Force jet pilot but five years to train a plumber. George...
...A.F.L.-C.I.O. has responded with "Apprenticeship Outreach." A program that the union federation runs in cooperation with the Labor Department and several civil rights groups, Outreach offers special pre-apprenticeship training to ghetto youngsters. They are tutored for six to twelve weeks, mainly in math and reading comprehension, in preparation for apprenticeship exams. The program has been less than a great success, partly because blacks find it difficult to believe that after decades of discrimination they are now welcome in the blue collar areas. Since it began in 1967, Outreach has placed only 5,633 blacks, 56% of them...
...weeks ago, four apprentices, all of them former helpers, submitted a complaint to the new Joint Apprenticeship Board- which includes representatives from Harvard and the union- demanding that all apprentice painters be promoted...
Lyric Triumphs. Like Beverly Sills, who also has never sung at the Met -and should-Marilyn Horne has been hailed in concerts and operas everywhere else. She also put in three years singing in provincial opera houses in Germany, an apprenticeship that left her able to cope with anything-including an orchestra pit so low that she lost a few bars because she could not see the conductor's baton. Subsequent triumphs at the San Francisco and Chicago Lyric Operas, Covent Garden and La Scala were proof of her versatility. In 1960, back in the U.S., she married Henry...