Word: apprenticeships
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...flee to Canada. "We talked for a while," says Lafferty, "then I found out that the kid had a child and a blind wife waiting for him outside the office." The client received an automatic deferment to support his wife. Occupational deferments are available to those who join apprenticeship programs for certain skilled trades (glass cutting, for example) and to farmers who can prove that they cannot be replaced in their work...
Labor's most successful device for excluding Negroes is rigid control of apprenticeship training. Applicants are often required to pass aptitude tests that include wholly irrelevant questions. Plumbing apprentices, for example, get problems in algebra and trigonometry. On top of that, most apprentices must start work at half of a journeyman's pay and stay in training for three to five years, a period that many experts consider at least twice as long as necessary. Union officials contend that the system is vital to maintain standards of workmanship. "The apprenticeship program is so rigged that it would take...
...threatened to strike Crown Zellerbach's plant at Bogalusa, La., after the company agreed to end discrimination. After a lengthy legal battle, five New Jersey locals of the International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers agreed for the first time in 1966 to admit Negroes into apprenticeship training. Today, only a handful of blacks have broken into the locals...
...construction-union hiring halls, if not by agreement with employers then by legislative fiat. Through various covert devices of favoritism in the hiring halls, many local officials prevent Negroes and other outsiders from getting a fair share of work. Unions should be compelled to give up exclusive control over apprenticeship programs and standards, although it may be arguable whether industry or Government should take over. It is hardly an accident that in most industries where companies control hiring, training and promotion, the Negro gets a far better break than when such matters are left in labor's hands. Unions...
...Hatter. Adolfo started at the top, with hats. Now 36, the Cuban-born designer came to the U.S. 17 years ago after a short-lived apprenticeship ("picking up pins" is how he describes it) with Paris Couturier Balenciaga. He checked into a job in the millinery department of Manhattan's Bergdorf Goodman. Six months later he checked out of Bergdorf's and into the hat firm Emme as chief designer. But eight years of turning out nothing but millinery designs left him a grumpy, if not downright mad hatter; he accepted $10,000 in cash from Seventh Avenue...