Word: apristas
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...democratization of Peru, he spoke "passable Spanish," he says. After six months in the country as part of a year off from Harvard, he spoke Spanish, had been through a few mudslides, was trapped in a village and had gone through an earthquake--all for research on the Partido Aprista Peruano (PAP), the largest political party in Peru and the most likely victor in the upcoming elections...
...operated for a short period under the Sanchez Cerro government as a legal opposition party, although neither the party nor Haya ever publicly accepted the legitimacy of the regime. Aprista representatives elected to the Constituent Assembly were allowed to serve briefly. However, before they were able to undertake any significant legislative activity, a state of emergency was declared by Sanchez Cerro. Under his law the Aprista parliamentarians were deported, Haya was arrested and opposition newspapers were closed...
...response to this wave of political repression, Aprista bases and militants embarked on a spree of violence which included several organized armed revolts. These revolts were unsuccessful, due to both the vacillation and conflicting advice of the Aprista leadership and the limited size of the PAP's bases. The Trujillo "revolution" of July 1932 is the most famous of these Aprista revolts. During the uprising, a large number of military officers were killed. When the revolt was finally quashed by the military, Aprista rebels were massacred en masse. In 1933 Sanchez Cerro was assassinated by an Aprista fanatic and replaced...
...party was outlawed, and APRA responded by massacring 26 soldiers in Haya's home town of Trujillo. Coldly and efficiently, the army then executed thousands of Apristas before the ruins of the nearby Inca city of Chan Chan. Driven underground, Haya continued to build his party cells and by 1945 was too powerful either to destroy or ignore. In elections that year, APRA made a deal to help elect a non-Aprista as President, and in return was given three Cabinet posts. Within three years, an APRA-hating general named Manuel Odria seized power and drove APRA underground once...
...return from exile in 1931, Haya stumped the country as the new party's presidential candidate, fired the peasants and workers into unprecedented rallies. The landowning aristocracy made sure the presidency went to an army colonel, who jailed Haya and issued a chilling order: "I want to see Aprista blood on every bayonet." Apristas answered with smoking pistols. At Haya's home town of Trujillo in July 1932, peasants killed 150 soldiers. The army retaliated by massacring 5,000 Apristas...