Word: arabism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Lebanon severely damaged or destroyed our influence in that area." Carter complains that instead of negotiation, Reagan "has tended to prefer the threat or use of American military force," a policy that has proved to be "particularly painful and embarrassing" in the Middle East. The former President agrees with Arab moderates like Jordan's King Hussein that for the U.S. to have focused so heavily on Lebanon was "wasteful and counterproductive." Carter's advice: "The initiative for peace talks must come from...
...whose rule they underwrite to the tune of about $11 million a day, but they accept no responsibility for his mischief making in Latin America and Africa. They insist on cosponsoring with the U.S. any negotiated settlement in the Middle East, while they continue to back the most radical Arab enemies of Israel. In Western Europe, they are trying, by a combination of political blandishment and military blackmail, to diminish and, if possible, supplant American influence. Is that particular aspiration consistent with the principle of superpower equality? Absolutely, say the Soviets. The U.S.S.R. is a European nation...
...United Nations, the U.S. used its veto to defeat a Lebanese resolution condemning Israel's actions in southern Lebanon. The U.S. argued that the resolution did not take proper notice of the Israeli withdrawal and the cycle of domestic Lebanese violence. The veto angered Arabs in Lebanon and elsewhere, and spurred renewed threats against American lives and property. Security was tightened at American embassies in many Arab capitals, particularly Beirut. With the American naval vessels standing by offshore, the U.S. issued its announcement on Thursday that most diplomats were being withdrawn temporarily, leaving only a handful in Beirut, including Ambassador...
...city at the center of the storm was Basra, a once busy and prosperous port (pop. 1.2 million in 1980) on the Shatt al Arab waterway formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. After Iraq's invasion in September 1980, Iranian artillery frequently shelled the city; ever since, Basra has been in a state of decay, its population reduced to 1 million, its trade cut to almost nothing. Two weeks ago, Iranian artillery attacks against the town resumed and doctors at the Basra city hospital once again were working around the clock. Remaining residents stayed indoors, barricading...
...particularly Christians and animists in the south who are still fighting government troops. Early this year Nimeiri ordered the execution of one rival, Mahmoud Taha, 76. But among the few who supported Islamization were members of the Muslim Brotherhood, a militant fundamentalist sect banned in many parts of the Arab world. Last week Nimeiri, fearing the Brotherhood's growing power, unexpectedly cracked down on the group, jailing about 150 of its members, including its leader, Hassan al Turabi, 53, who was also stripped of his post as Nimeiri's assistant for foreign affairs...