Word: arabism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Though Israel served as Washington's pipeline in the Iranian arms shipments, its government came under little criticism domestically for dealing with Iran. The Jewish state has tried for years to maintain good relations with non-Arab nations in the Middle East. But Jerusalem was dismayed at the Administration's allegation that Israel was also involved in the transfer of funds for the contras. Fearful that any association with the contra scheme could undermine Israel's strong support in Congress, Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir last week took the unusual step of publicly disputing a high U.S. official and denied that...
Whatever happened to Yasser Arafat? In the summer of 1982 the redoubtable chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization was driven out of Lebanon by Israeli invaders, and his forces scattered throughout the Arab world. The elusive Arafat skipped to Tunisia, where he pursued the P.L.O.'s diplomatic and military strategies, including a failed joint peace effort with an old adversary, Jordan's King Hussein. Now Arafat's P.L.O. has returned to Lebanon with vengeance. In the bloodiest fighting since rival Christian factions clashed a year ago, Arafat is struggling to regain his former stronghold in the strife-torn country...
...wounded in the savage fighting since Nov. 24, when P.L.O. forces seized strategic hilltop positions from Amal defenders in Maghdousheh, 25 miles south of Beirut. In retaliation, Shi'ite militiamen mounted a tank-and-artillery attack on the Shatila refugee camp south of Beirut. Arafat promptly appealed to Arab leaders to help stop the "dangerous and beastly aggression," which he blamed on another old enemy, Syrian President Hafez Assad...
...seek to wrest Lebanon away from the orbit of the United States and keep it at the forefront of the struggle against Israel. The anti-Syrian parliamentary majority, which forms the backbone of the government and includes the Sunnis, has seized upon the support of the West and its Arab allies such as Saudi Arabia to break Syria's grip on Lebanon. Damascus was forced to withdraw its troops from Lebnaon following the February 2005 assassination of Rafik Hariri, a former premier, whose death many Lebanese blame on the Syrian regime...
...with the Shi'ites overwhelmingly following the Hizballah-led opposition, while the majority of Sunnis back the government and the Future Tide movement of Saad Hariri, Rafik's son and political heir. The tension between the two camps also mirrors the broader Shi'ite-Sunni political rift throughout the Arab world that has been rekindled by the Iraq conflict. The chief protagonists in this new "cold war," as some analysts describe it, are Shi'ite Iran and Saudi Arabia, the leader of the Sunni Arab world...