Word: arabized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Iraqis make a legitimate offer to withdraw from Kuwait, a cease-fire and negotiations -- with our support but under Arab or other international auspices -- would let Iraqi leaders and private citizens put additional pressure on Saddam to comply with the more limited Security Council demands. The achievement of immediate American goals cannot be guaranteed by such a pause in the war. Even rejection of the peace effort by the Iraqis, however, will put the onus of the continuing conflict on their leaders, giving the allied forces a significant propaganda victory. It will also help clarify our ultimate objectives, to ourselves...
Since Saddam Hussein seized Kuwait last August, much of the Arab world at the grass-roots level has divided into supporters and opponents of Iraq. But by far the most outspoken critic of Saddam has been Hosni Mubarak. The Egyptian President has backed his rhetoric with muscle by contributing 38,500 troops to the allied coalition. What is surprising is that, contrary to some reports, most of Mubarak's 56 million countrymen support his stance on the war and have not fallen sway to Saddam's attempts to turn the conflict into a battle of Arab vs. West. Ordinary Egyptians...
...failure of ordinary Egyptians to demonstrate against the gulf war also stems from a reluctance to be lumped together with other Arabs. Many Egyptians are so proud of their country's more than 5,000 years of history and culture that they are uncomfortable acknowledging any connection with their Arab brethren. Says Hoda el-Sobky, 19, an economics major at the American University in Cairo: "I feel pure Egyptian. We are originally pharaohs. There is no blood relation between us and the Arabs." A surprising number of ordinary Egyptians also seem to feel warmly toward the West. Said Abul Yazid...
Most Egyptians also feel they paid a disproportionate price on behalf of the Arab cause during the five brutal wars waged with Israel since the Jewish state was founded in 1948. Military and civilian losses during these conflicts amounted to more than 20,000. "Arabs are traitors," says Tawfiq. "You cannot feel secure with them. We fought for them, but they did not do anything...
...after Egypt became the first and so far only Arab country to make formal peace with Israel, most of the Arab world broke relations with Cairo. Mubarak, who became President in 1981 after Anwar Sadat was assassinated, has concentrated on establishing a mood of moderation at home while mending ties with fellow Arabs. Of 21 members in the Arab League, all 18 that broke diplomatic relations with Egypt then have since resumed them. Last week Mubarak further demonstrated his diplomatic skills by playing host first to Libya's mercurial Muammar Gaddafi, whom he has wooed diplomatically for two years...