Word: archipelago
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Aquino accuses Marcos of widespread election fraud in attempting to extend his 20 years of rule over this archipelago of 7,100 islands...
...Pacific Ocean archipelago has 26 million voters in 90,000 precincts. Final figures were not expected for days...
...fact, much more is at stake in the crisis engendered by Marcos' fading grip: the stability of the Philippine archipelago and U.S. influence in the entire region. The Philippines is an important member of the Association of South East Asian Nations, a six-nation group* that has enjoyed surprising stability and prosperity in the wake of the U.S. defeat in Viet Nam. Collapse of the Philippines in the face of a Communist insurgency would severely impair the security of the remaining ASEAN members and pose a threat to U.S. allies as far away as Australia...
...constitutional authoritarianism." He claimed to be a dictator with a social conscience: he pushed forward with land reform (often at the expense of his landed political opponents) and carefully controlled trade unionism. More important, Marcos extended the sway of his New Society to virtually every barangay (village) in the archipelago, creating both a powerful political machine and a new economic class dependent on government patronage...
...specifics may vary from village to village, but the N.P.A.'s calculated combination of blandishment and brutality has been repeated in thousands of villages since 1981. According to U.S. officials, the guerrillas move freely in 20% of the archipelago's 41,615 villages. Although the Philippine government says the figure is only 5%, it concedes that Communist insurgents now operate in 60 of the country's 74 provinces. They are a strong presence throughout the central island of Negros and in most of resource-rich Mindanao. Estimates of regular N.P.A. troop strength range from the Philippine military's count...