Word: arcs
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Congratulations on your excellent covers. We are particularly fond of Henry Koerner, who painted the "Joan of Arc" [Nov. 28] cover. Shahn's "Freud" is wonderful...
...European segment ended at Crete, and the U.S. Air Force was called in to jump the arc across the Mediterranean to North Africa. The job was done by Hiran (High Precision Shoran), an electronic surveying system...
Bones & Lions. About 200 B.C. the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes ran a geometrical tape measure about the earth by estimating the distance between Syene in southern Egypt and Alexandria in northern Egypt.*Then he measured shadows cast by the sun in both places. This amounts to measuring an arc of the earth's surface and observing the altitude of the sun at both ends. The Army Map Service did the same thing, but the arc that it measured extended (5,777.5 nautical miles) from Finland to the southern end of Africa, more than one-quarter of the earth...
Data for measuring the Finland-South Africa arc came from many sources. The European section had been measured many times, but the latest information was gathered by a group that ransacked Germany after World War II for the Nazis' geodetic secrets, which were dragged from hiding places, including a room full of human bones under a monastery...
South of Egypt the arc measurers ran into wild animal country. The lions did not bother them much, but they had some buffalo scares. In tall-grass country they set up prefabricated 100-ft. towers and did their surveying from platforms on their tops. When finished, they would move, towers and all, to an unsurveyed area. The last gap, Khartoum to Uganda, was completed...