Word: arctics
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...days the ship crept along an invisible coast. A leather-faced man with icy blue eyes and a perpetual squint strained for the leadsman's cry. Out of the fog that shrouded the Arctic sea, the muffled call came back: "Seven fathoms. ..." Suddenly the leadsman's cry changed: "The bottom has gone away...
...explorers, had perished trying to do what Larsen had done. The only man to make the east-west passage before him was Roald Amundsen. Larsen, too, was a Norwegian, born some nine miles from Amundsen's birthplace in Borge, Norway. As Amundsen's ambition to conquer the Arctic had been fired by Franklin's exploits, so Larsen had been kindled by what Amundsen had done...
Four weeks after the armistice with Russia, war-drained Finland was still trying to throw out the once-welcome German guest. Russia joined in at the Arctic Ocean to speed the parting. With Petsamo's nickel mines threatened by the Russian drive and a Lapland winter making up, the German determination to stick around was beginning to cool. Helsinki was still hopeful that it would be able to demobilize its soldiers by Dec. 5-the armistice deadline...
Through the multicolored spruce and birch forests the fight went on. Soon winter would freeze the hundreds of lakes and rivers, blanket the forests with snow. In the north the Russians landed six miles from Petsamo, at the northern terminus of the Arctic highway, marched in to capture the port three days later. When the Russians neutralized Kirkenes and the Finns reached Rovaniemi, organized German resistance could no longer continue. Then Finland would have peace...
Russia's territorial demands had increased since the spring negotiations. Instead of the tip of the Ribachi Peninsula, commanding the approach to far-northern Petsamo, the Russians had now taken Petsamo itself and enough surrounding territory to cut off Finland from the Arctic, restore the Tsarist frontier with Norway. Instead of their lease on Hangö, commanding the Gulf of Finland, Russia took a 50-year lease on the Porkkala Peninsula for a naval base. This brought the Russians within twelve miles of Helsinki. Russia also got back Viipuri, Finland's fourth biggest city. Parts of timber-rich...