Word: ares
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Professors who slip into a second stage begin to see their scholarship as meaningless, repetitive drudgery and start resenting students. In the final, deepest stage, Machell says, "professors view students as enemies. They become angry and paranoid, constantly worrying that students or administrators are talking about them."
Professors caught in this vicious trap cannot simply quit. Feelings of inadequacy undermine plans to switch careers; faculty in this position are especially prone to alcohol and drug abuse, verbal abuse, sexual promiscuity, even suicide.
The problem, Machell explains, lies in how much energy and emotion scholars invest in their work. It becomes no longer simply a job, but an identity, a product they own. Further, professors, like high school teachers, are on their own in the workplace, defining and grading their own success.
Although several systems of voting--including those used in most European countries--are a form of PR, the variant that American cities have historically used is the one Cambridge employs--the single transferable ballot.
Under this system, candidates for council and school committee do not represent a specific district but are elected at large, Voters rank candidates in order of preference--first choice, second choice, and so on.