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...announcement caused an embarrassed flurry in high Washington circles. Van Allen learned that, at the suggestion of Physicist Nicholas Christofilos of Livermore Laboratory, the Department of Defense was planning to launch Project Argus, in which three atom bombs would be rocketed above the atmosphere and exploded (TIME, March 30). The high-speed electrons released were expected to be shunted around the earth by the earth's magnetic field. Van Allen's discovery that nature had already provided such electrons was a considerable shock...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Reach into Space | 5/4/1959 | See Source »

With his fine-honed skill in maneuvering, Van Allen took advantage of Project Argus to advance his own studies. He proposed the launching of a new satellite in a more north-and-south orbit than any of its predecessors. Moving in this way, he explained, it would better observe the results of Project Argus. Incidentally, it would also give him coverage of the natural radiation belt in latitudes that earlier satellites had not reached...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Reach into Space | 5/4/1959 | See Source »

...went into a 51° orbit on July 26. It carried sophisticated instruments that Van Allen's laboratory had provided to distinguish between "hard" and "soft" radiation, and shielded Geiger counters designed to count radiation intensity at extremely high levels without blacking out. On Aug. 27 the first Argus shot sent man-made electrons zigzagging round the earth. The satellite cut through them back and forth, making about 250 passes before its batteries were exhausted on Sept...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Reach into Space | 5/4/1959 | See Source »

Behind the Northern Lights. When Van Allen made his first open report on Explorer IV, he had to avoid all mention of Argus because of military security. But he had plenty to tell about the natural radiation. He could say with assurance that a human satellite crew exposed to maximum Van Allen radiation for a few days would surely die. It looked as if the fierce particles, which slam close to the earth in the auroral regions, were the explanation of the ancient mystery of the northern lights...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Reach into Space | 5/4/1959 | See Source »

...green hills southeast of Berkeley. His idea of trapping electrons in the earth's magnetic field grew out of Astron, which is designed to trap ionized particles in a magnetic field in a laboratory rather than on a global scale. Nick's paper proposing Project Argus, written in late 1957, was not published except in classified form, and not all scientists agree that it was the first such proposal. Professor Fred Singer of the University of Maryland is said to have written an earlier paper but kept it secret on official request. Christofilos himself is not sure. Says...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Up from the Elevator | 3/30/1959 | See Source »

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