Word: arps
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Died. Jean Arp, 78, a leader in abstract art, best known for his egg-smooth sculptures; of a heart attack; in Basel, Switzerland. Born in French-German Alsace, Arp was nourished in both countries-in Munich in 1912 he studied under Kandinsky; in Paris he worked with his friends Picasso and Modigliani. More for fun than anything else, he was a founding father of Dada, the 1916-22 Bronx cheer that razzed tradition and called it art; yet his own, very personal statements were serenely curved marbles and bronzes...
...building, Calder's sculpture has both primitive power and modern grace. Its presence is courtesy of Eugene McDermott, a director of Texas Instruments Inc., who was a college classmate of Calder. But the selection came only after a number of sculptors-including David Smith, Richard Lippold and Jean Arp -were considered. Scholars at M.I.T. tested the Calder design in a wind tunnel, then they buried beneath it a time capsule that included a Betty Crocker cookbook, a Sears, Roebuck catalogue, 1964 coins, M.I.T. memorabilia, and a copy of TIME...
Unknown Cause. It is more than coincidence, says Arp in an article in Science, that so many of the quasars and radio galaxies appear to lie so close to the peculiar galaxies in the sky. The explanation, he believes, is that they were formed from great masses of matter expelled from exploding central galaxies between 10 million and one billion years ago. If they were formed in this manner, he concludes, they must still be relatively close to their parent galaxies, which are located only 30 million to 300 million light-years from the earth. They would not have reached...
...Arp acknowledges that light from the quasars shows a substantially greater red shift than light from the galaxies that he thinks gave them birth. But he is not bothered by the problem; unlike most astronomers he does not believe that the red shift is caused by the speed with which quasars are receding from the earth-a speed that would indicate they are billions of light-years away. Instead, says Arp, the red shift could be caused by an immense quasar gravitational field, by the high velocity of material falling toward the center of quasars that are suffering catastrophic collapse...
Back to the Drawing Board. Such speculations have caused a stir among astronomers, who are impressed by Arp's statistics. But many are equally impressed by his failure to account for the energy needed to expel quasars and radio galaxies from his collection of "peculiar galaxies." And most point out that he has offered only informed guesses, no scientific evidence that the red shift of quasar light is caused by anything other than their speed of recession. "If Arp is right," says one astronomer, "we have to abandon most of our work of the past 30 years, drop...