Word: arum
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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While the lawsuits may strengthen student rights, they come at a high cost for schools--in diminished authority as well as dollars. "We used to defer to the professional discretion of teachers and administrators," says Richard Arum, a professor of sociology and education at New York University and the author of Judging School Discipline. "Now our schools are run increasingly by lawyers and judges, and that has profound consequences in undermining the moral authority of school discipline...
Student lawsuits started to dry up after the backlash. From 1969 to '75, an annual average of 76 school-discipline cases made their way to appeals courts, according to Arum, but from 1976 to '89, the annual average dropped to 29. A few years later, though, the number of student lawsuits began to rise again as schools confronted an alarming new problem: gangs...
Money isn't the half of it. Arum's research indicates that cases like Tinker encourage students and teachers to believe that kids have far more legal rights than they actually do. Possibly as a result, 82% of public school teachers and 77% of principals practice "defensive teaching" like ignoring misbehavior so they can avoid lawsuits, according to a 2004 Harris poll. "What these cases do," says Negrón , "is have a chilling effect on [the ability of] administrators and teachers to make the decisions they need to make...
Indeed, promoter Bob Arum, who manages welterweight champ Oscar De La Hoya, dropped Lucia Rijker, considered to be among the sport's best fighters, and now sets bouts for an NFL cheerleader, a topless dancer and boxing's infamous Playboy cover girl Mia St. John. Known more for her pink hot pants than her ring skills, St. John takes home about the same per fight as Ali and Frazier-Lyde...