Word: asian
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...first of the Asian immigrants, indentured laborers on the Uganda Railway, were followed by thousands of enterprising countrymen, who became traders, clerks, and accountants, and who boosted East Africa's fledgling economy by penetrating the interior with their box-like "duka" shops. Under British control they occupied middle-level administrative jobs and monopolized many areas in trade and commerce...
However, their position as a political-economic buffer group between the British and the Africans engendered animosity from both sides. Africans especially resented Asians for holding the semi-skilled jobs denied them and for growing wealthy by selling to Africans. Moreover, the Africans had little opportunity to meet and understand the Asians, who cloistered in tight communities and shunned intermarriage. Asian contacts with Africans were either on a master-servant or trader-buyer relationship...
...Asians left Kenya during the first years of Uhuru, since Africanization of jobs took place slowly. Only last autumn did political pressure to place Africans in the main fields of Asian activity lead to new restrictions. Determined to break the Asian hold on trade and semi-skilled jobs, the African-dominated Government required all non-citizens to have working permits and all traders and merchants to have licenses. Discrimination figured in many cases--permits were granted slowly, often for very short periods, and the awarding of licenses openly favored Africans, even if the Asians were citizens. The Government's solution...
...Propaganda. Initially, Johnson suggested Geneva. Without rejecting the Swiss city outright, Hanoi came back with Pnompenh. Johnson, in turn, pointed out that Cambodia's capital has serious communications shortcomings and that neither the U.S. nor South Viet Nam has an embassy there. Instead, he proposed four other Asian sites (Vientiane, Rangoon, Djakarta and New Delhi...
...petition also calls for the establishment of an African-American Research Center comparable to the East Asian, Russian, and Middle Eeastern Research Centers now existing, a point not included in the original statement...