Word: assad
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Although Brown conferred with a wide range of Christian and Moslem leaders (including President Franjieh), the man principally responsible for arranging the freeze was Syrian President Hafez Assad. He was greatly embarrassed by the collapse of the January 23 cease-fire arranged by his Foreign Minister Abdel Halim Khaddam. Assad's government launched a diplomatic offensive to get Jumblatt's forces to stop fighting...
...intervention. They also cut off Jumblatt's supply line: at one point he complained that the Syrians were denying him 4,000 guns and 7 million rounds of ammunition that had been donated by the Egyptian government and confiscated when they reached Damascus en route to Beirut. Finally, Assad persuaded Arafat to put pressure on Jumblatt to accept another ceasefire. The persuasions contained an implicit warning that if the war continued the Lebanese-based Palestinians might lose Syrian support and supplies...
...Although Assad regained some lost prestige by arranging the freeze, his credibility as claimant to leadership of the Arab world suffered when the Pax Syriana collapsed. For one thing, it appeared that Damascus had far less sway over the Lebanese Moslems, leftists and Palestinians than it had claimed. For another, Syria's frantic efforts to gain another cease-fire were backed primarily by Jordan's King Hussein and Saudi Arabia's King Khalid, two conservative monarchs who are anathema to radical Arabs. The U.S. also endorsed Syria's peace efforts, as did Moscow, although the Russians played no perceptible role...
...moment, the nation's most powerful political figure, as leader of the disparate leftist coalition known as the National Movement, whose forces until the ceasefire were locked in battle with Christian militiamen. More than any other Lebanese leader, Jumblatt was responsible for the collapse of Syrian President Hafez Assad's plan to end the civil war through a Pax Syriana. Jumblatt's reason: such a settlement would only perpetuate the sectarian bitterness dividing the nation...
...Policy magazine, Sheehan praises Kissinger as having been "at the apogee of his skill" during those negotiations (TIME, March 15). The article quotes directly from the dialogue of Kissinger's conversations with such leaders as Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli former Premier Golda Meir and Syrian President Hafez Assad...