Word: astaurov
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Chalked Appeal. Other outstanding Russian scientists and intellectuals shared Solzhenitsyn's outrage. The day after Medvedev's incarceration four well-known Russian scientists-Andrei Sakharov, Pyotr Kapitsa, Vladmir En-gelgardt and Boris Astaurov-sent protest telegrams to the mental institution. In front of a classroom of students, Sakharov, the author of a brilliant essay on the inevitability of the convergence of American and Russian systems, who lectures at the Lebedev Institute of Physics in Moscow, chalked on the blackboard a plea for signatures on a protest petition. Other intellectuals, including Alexander Tvardovsky, the ousted editor of Novy...
...Soviet caviar industry has a persistent problem: too many sturgeons are males, which yield no caviar.† And despite years of effort, no one yet has discovered any way to alter this unproductive balance of nature. But Soviet Biologist Boris Astaurov, an authority on practical sex determination, is about ready to solve the problem, thus satisfying Soviet gourmets and pleasing Soviet authorities who prize the export earnings of caviar. (The gourmets and the authorities tend to be the same people...
...Astaurov has spent 30 years on his research. He began by working out dependable ways to make silkworm eggs hatch into worms of the desired sex. Female worms are comparatively easy to produce: Astaurov's most dependable system is to wash unfertilized eggs and dunk them for 18 minutes in water heated to 115° F. This heat shock makes the eggs start developing as if they had been fertilized, and since they contain no male contribution, they all produce females like their mothers...
...cocoons of male silkworms yield almost one-third more silk than those of females, so Dr. Astaurov concentrated next on making silkworm eggs hatch into males. His most successful technique is to expose unfertilized eggs to X rays. This rough treatment kills the delicate female genetic material but does no apparent harm to other parts of the eggs. Then Dr. Astaurov fertilizes the eggs with male sperm that has not been irradiated. When the embryos develop, they are free of female influence; they all grow into high-yield male silkworms...
...Astaurov figures that his techniques will soon be advanced enough to try on sturgeons. He plans to start with crude caviar-unfertilized eggs that have been stripped from the female fish. If he succeeds in forcing the eggs to produce females only, the fish that graduate from scientific hatcheries will gradually dominate the sturgeon population. The only males left to swim with the caviar-rich females will be the product of old-fashioned natural spawning in waters unsupervised by the state...
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