Word: atat
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...choosing. Said Evren at a meeting of the Journalists' Association of Turkey last week: "Many axes are being kept under cover, waiting in ambush, ready to pounce, when we resign. Have no worries. We will deliver this homeland to you perfectly clean, as it was in Atatürk's time...
...other four members of the ruling National Security Council took the oath of office, they chose not to swear on the Koran or any other holy book. Instead, to underscore the secular nature of the Turkish state, they swore on their honor and invoked the name of Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey...
...worried about the poor performance of the police in combatting the terrorists and by the rising menace of Turkish Communist militants. They were also concerned about increasing signs of Islamic fanaticism; a rally in Konya earlier this month that attracted 70,000 people struck them as a threat to Atatürk's concept of a secular society, which the Turkish military is pledged under the existing constitution to uphold. The generals reportedly gave the politicians a final warning on Aug. 29 in an effort to get them to accept Prime Minister Demirel's plan for early elections...
During the late 1930s, the religious community in Qum came under heavy pressure from the Reza Shah, who had undertaken a campaign to modernize his country, in the manner of Turkey's Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. By 1941, as a result, the number of students at the Faizieh had dropped from several thousand to 500. Khomeini urged the new director of the school, the Ayatullah Boroujerdi, to oppose the Shah more openly. When Boroujerdi refused, Khomeini was bitterly disappointed. Thereafter he called on his superior only once a year, as required. Shortly after Reza Shah was deposed...
...wealth and a stronger middle class than it did in Iran. Turkey's overwhelmingly Muslim population of 40 million includes 6 million Shi'ites, who are spiritual kin to those in Iran. But thanks to the secularization imposed on Turkey by its modern (1923) founder, Kemal Atatürk, religion is not nearly the force it has always been in Iran...