Word: atom
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Ernest Rutherford (later Lord Rutherford), accomplished the first disintegration of an atom's nucleus, the first transmutation of one element into another. Using for bullets the particles which fly naturally out of radium, Rutherford made oxygen out of nitrogen...
Economists have about the same fun drawing conclusions from the weekly reports of the Federal Reserve System as scientists do drawing new diagrams of the atom. On one series of the complex Federal Reserve statistics all commentators are agreed-that the rise and fall of commercial loans by U. S. banks is usually a good measure of business activity. Thus, all through Depression II the volume of credit issued to business has fallen (with occasional minor reversals) some $20,000,000 a week in New York City, another $20,000,000 in the rest of the U. S. Last week...
...standard table of elements lists 92-from hydrogen, the lightest element, to uranium, the heaviest. An atom of hydrogen has one positive charge on the nucleus and one planetary electron; uranium has a positive nuclear charge of 92, and 92 attendant electrons. The existence of all these elements has been well established, except for Nos. 85 and 87 (alabamine and virginium),† whose discovery has been claimed by various investigators but not yet certainly confirmed. The existence of elements heavier than uranium is theoretically possible. In fact, such heavy elements of higher numbers than 92 are supposed to exist...
Jean Baptiste Perrin has studied the atom all his long life. Born at Lille during the Franco-Prussian War, he became a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Paris in 1910, became an expert on molecular oscillations and the Brownian movement (movement of visible particles in liquids because of impacts from flying molecules). In 1926 he was awarded a Nobel Prize. Today he is president of the French Academy of Sciences. Last week he announced the discovery of naturally occurring ekarhenium-element...
Studies of the vastness of the universe and the invisible smallness of the atom are remote from the things of everyday life. Scientists also go far from familiar things in the study of low temperatures. Hydrogen liquefies at 252.7° below zero Centigrade and helium liquefies at - 268.9°. Compared to such temperatures, the inside of an ice-cream freezer is a seething furnace. The utmost cold, absolute zero (zero on the Kelvin scale), comes out at - 273.13° on the arbitrary Centigrade scale (zero for the freezing point of water, 100 for the boiling point). Scientists have not quite...