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...which to live. By the time he was in college, physics was in fascinating chaos. Blow after blow had shattered its foundations: Albert Einstein proved that matter is energy, Max Planck proved that energy comes in indivisible packets he called quanta. Lord Rutherford proved that though the very name atom means "indivisible" in Greek, atoms are not indivisible. Nothing seemed certain. One physicist declared that all students should be warned: "Caution! Dangerous structure! Closed for reconstruction...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Physics: A Man of the Century | 11/30/1962 | See Source »

...from all over the world. "The unique and exciting feature of Copenhagen," wrote Professor John A. Wheeler of Princeton, "lies in the stimulus that Bohr gives. I know of nothing with which to compare it except the school of Plato." J. Robert Oppenheimer, who was later to head the atom-bomb-making Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, said about physics in the 19205: "It was a heroic time. It was not the doing of any one man; it involved the collaboration of scores of scientists from many different lands. But from first to last, the deeply creative, subtle and critical spirit...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Physics: A Man of the Century | 11/30/1962 | See Source »

...made a trip to the U.S. Just as his ship was about to leave Copenhagen, two German refugee physicists, Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch, rushed aboard with a dismaying report. They had just heard that German Chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in Berlin had split the uranium atom. This was atomic fission, and with it the Nazis might soon be able to build an atomic bomb...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Physics: A Man of the Century | 11/30/1962 | See Source »

...Eger Vaughan Murphree, 63, president of Esso Research & Engineering Co. since 1947, a cool and persuasive executive-chemist who developed the 100-octane gasoline that boosted World War II bombers 43% in load-carrying capacity, served on James B. Conant's S-1 Committee, which set up the atom-smashing Manhattan Project, and in 1956 spent a year trying to unscramble the U.S. ballistic missile program as its first overall civilian boss; of a heart attack; in Summit...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Milestones: Nov. 9, 1962 | 11/9/1962 | See Source »

...accident nine months ago. Canadian Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield was flown in to join physicians from Russia, France and Czechoslovakia in the effort to keep Landau alive. For the Soviets hardly needed the Nobel committee to tell them the value of the man who not only helped make their first atom bomb, but has been an important part of the growing Russian space effort...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Awards: New Nobelmen | 11/9/1962 | See Source »

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