Word: atomizer
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...huge National Accelerator Laboratory at Batavia, Ill. Crowds of curious spectators hovered anxiously around the main control room, watching the meters and oscilloscope screens. On the screens, a narrow band of light-representing the electrical energy in a beam of speeding subatomic particles inside the atom smasher's doughnut-shaped tunnel-edged toward a telltale marking. The room became strangely silent. Then someone exclaimed, "There it is!" and wild cheering broke...
...assembled scientists and technicians had every reason for jubilation. After many plaguing problems, the world's largest atom smasher had reached its programmed energy level of 200 billion electron volts (GeV).* That was not only the most powerful beam ever achieved by an accelerator, but also far surpassed the former record achieved by the Russians in their 76 GeV machine outside Moscow. Just back from congressional appropriations hearings in Washington, NAL'S beleaguered director, Physicist Robert R. Wilson, happily passed out champagne in goblets saved for the occasion and emblazoned with...
...Sagan's wife, Linda, an artist-chose figures of two representative earthlings (see A in diagram). Their height is indicated by the scale drawing of Pioneer in the background (B). The message contains a more subtle dimensional clue (C) that an extraterrestrial physicist should quickly recognize: an atom of hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, which is shown undergoing a change of energy state (indicated by the different orientations of the orbiting electrons on the circles). During this process, the atom gives off a pulse of radiation with a wave length of 21 cm., which is also...
...VICTIMS are highly discriminated against in Japanese society. We are not hired for jobs and people do not want to marry us because they fear that we carry radiation disease within us. We are taught to be ashamed and to hide the fact that we are victims of the atom bomb...
Apart from ISR, all atom smashers rely on the same basic principle: subatomic particles-usually protons-are accelerated to high velocities and slammed at stationary targets. Upon impact, the nuclei in the target atoms break apart, scattering the fragments for physicists to observe. This "bash-and-see approach" has drawbacks. As an accelerator's bullets approach the speed of light, the strange effects predicated by the relativity theory begin to take a toll: the proton's mass becomes much larger than that of the stationary targets. Much of the proton's energy is spent simply in pushing...