Word: atop
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...animals trapped in Russell Lake are almost certainly doomed. Freshwater from the mountain streams sits atop the denser salt water, with little mixing. As a result, oxygen, which is replenished at the surface through diffusion, cannot be replaced once it is depleted from the salt water. Fish and crabs might last for a year, but the air-breathing sea mammals that eat them will not. "The seals are exhausted from diving through that extra 50 ft. of freshwater before they can reach salt water and maybe find something to eat," says Marine Biologist Tamra Faris of the National Marine Fisheries...
...astronomers then switched from infrared to radio observations, using the twelve-meter radio telescope atop Kitt Peak, Ariz. Reason: infrared radiation gives information on the cloud's overall temperature, but radio waves carry more detailed data on the motion within. Interstellar clouds are made up of dozens of different types of molecules, and each emits radio waves of a specific frequency when heated or otherwise "excited." By tuning their telescope to the right frequency, astronomers monitor the behavior of different molecules and consequently learn more about conditions within the cloud...
...some 95 million eligible telephone subscribers are to choose a supplier of long-distance telephone services, the outcome of the Great Long-Distance Telephone Election was already clear. The most elaborate competitive exercise in U.S. regulatory history was bound to entrench giant AT&T almost as powerfully as ever atop the $50 billion long- distance industry that the company has always dominated...
...task: to turn off the pneumatically driven device that had kept him alive for 20 months. Surgeon William DeVries put his hand on the chrome key in the front of the refrigerator-size air console; then Schroeder's wife Margaret and their six children, one by one, laid theirs atop his. Together they twisted the key counterclockwise, and the artificial heart beat no more...
Alvin descended to a point about 450 feet from the stern and then rose to maneuver atop it before settling on the poop deck. Between two mooring line rollers, the plaque was placed to commemorate the victims and William H. Tantum IV, who encouraged efforts to locate the ship but died five years before the 1985 discovery by Ballard...