Word: atp
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Mitchell, who works in a six-member private laboratory housed in a restored Regency-style mansion in Cornwall, first proposed his ideas about energy production within living cells in 1961. Until then, scientists knew that such energy-producing processes as photosynthesis and cell respiration depended on a substance dubbed ATP (for adenosine triphosphate), which conveyed energy through the cell to power the cell's varied chemical reactions. But they had not been able to explain satisfactorily how ATP was formed. Mitchell suggested the novel theory that the key to ATP synthesis is the creation of a kind of gradient...
...membrane. That produces a voltage gradient and results in an electrical current flowing through the membrane. In the process, which involves at least five separate steps, each bacteriorhodopsin molecule pumps out a proton every 250th of a second and provides the energy the organism needs to synthesize adenosinetri-phosphate (ATP), the energy-storing molecule common to all living cells...