Word: aureus
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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These natural transfers can be crucial to the survival of the bacterium. It is through new plasmids, for example, that bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus have become resistant to penicillin. The plasmid acquired by the staph bug contained a gene that directs the production of a penicillinase, an enzyme that cracks apart invading penicillin molecules, making them ineffective. Different plasmids, sometimes passed from one bacterium to another, can order up still another kind of chemical weapon, a so-called restriction enzyme, which can sever the DNA of an invading virus, say, at a predetermined point...
When scientists selected some bacteria for experimental exposure to moon soil brought back by Apollo astronauts, Staphylococcus aureus, Azobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa seemed to be well-qualified choices. All three species are exceptionally tough. They thrive in and around man, displaying extraordinary ability at resisting his antibiotic weapons and adapting well to other environmental challenges. Thus, microbiologists at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center last week were still baffled by the fate of the hardy organisms. After only ten hours' exposure to lunar dust from the Sea of Tranquility, the bacteria had died...