Word: authoritarianism
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...names were held by the Pope in pectore ("in the heart"), not to be revealed even to the candidates themselves unless and until the Pope chooses to do so. Usually the secret cardinals are from nations with authoritarian regimes, men to whom promotion might mean even more harassment. Pope John XXIII named three and died without disclosing their identities...
...from criticizing mediocrity and dullness in part because of the fear of jeopardizing their grades, and in part because the process of grading has diverted attention away from learning itself. (We do not raise here the possibility the grades inspire political conformity between students and professors.) In general, the authoritarian relationship between teachers and students in a classroom is inimical to learning, and for this reason too we oppose grades...
...some of the other complaints, one can understand and even sympathize, yet remain unable to meet them. Some measure of authority and hierarchy are inherent in the academic world -- or in any world for that matter. If individual faculty members are overly remote or authoritarian, we can piously urge them to to mend their ways, but there is no way of commanding them...
Grades, argues the petition, create an authoritarian relationship between teacher and student which is designed to prepare the student to accept such relationships on the job in later life. Grades teach the student to separate the "value" of his work from the pleasure or displeasure that it may have given him, thus ensuring that he will fit smoothly into an economic system which demands that workers respond predictably to purely economic incentives. And grades instill in the student that respect for individual achievement and corresponding disdain for group effort and cooperation which are essential to the functioning of a capitalist...
...grades create an authoritarian relationship between teachers and students by promoting conformity and acquiescence among students and mediocrity among teachers...