Word: avignone
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...raised rhythm to an unprecedented preeminence. Jarring the 20th century out of its lingering romanticism, it was more than "the cornerstone of modern music," as Pierre Boulez calls it. It was one of those works, like Joyce's Ulysses and Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, that announced a new consciousness...
...context. We can see fascinating studies of early Cubism in the Picassos from 1907 to 1914. And a Cezanne apple contrasted with the Picasso apple next to it evokes Gertrude Stein's imagery: the apple turns round and round, unlimited in space. Studies for Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and for Nude with Drapery show how Picasso was beginning to juxtapose dark and light without shadowing or shading-the result, a differentiation in spatial positions: a new technique, a new space, a new way of looking...
...veneration of the Virgin Mary almost put her on the level of a goddess, religious orders had produced powerful abbesses who held their own in intellectual exchanges with men, as Chaucer's Canterbury Tales pointedly witnesses. Indeed, St. Catherine of Siena earned her major fame by talking the Avignon pope into moving the papacy back to Rome. Partially in recognition of this, Pope Paul VI recently named her, along with the 16th century mystic, St. Teresa of Avila, "Doctor of the Church" -a title hitherto bestowed only upon...
...Inside, all is ornate -fine old chandeliers, green woodwork, delicately forged iron. The Louis XV décor in a synagogue seems as out of place as the large cross formed by the windows. The window arrangement, however, is entirely appropriate: for the synagogue of Carpentras, near Avignon, is a relic of a strange medieval relationship between the papacy and a Jewish community...
...Philip IV, banished Jews from the province in order to seize their property. Ironically, Philip had also helped provide a place of asylum. A quarrel between the king and Pope Boniface VIII had played a part in the election of a French Pope, who moved the papal court to Avignon in 1308. There it remained until 1377, and there the banished Jews found a home. The Avignon Popes, beginning with Clement V, welcomed them-at least partly as valued taxpayers-and guaranteed their safety...