Word: award
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...maintained a stoic silence until the formal declaration, which cited Arias for his "outstanding contribution to the possible return of stability and peace to a region long torn by strife and civil war." Afterward, Committee Chairman Egil Aarvik, 75, made clear the committee's intent. "We hope that the award will help to speed up the process of peace in Central America," he said...
...Nobel Committee's choice, President Reagan said simply, "I congratulate him." Hours later the White House released a statement that could be read as a warning of the Administration's intention to push forward with its campaign to keep the contras armed and in the field. "This award," it said, "should inspire all of us to renew our efforts to ensure that enduring peace and democracy eventually come to the region." The Administration has consistently maintained that only continued pressure by the contras will compel the Sandinistas to undertake genuine reform...
...chemistry award went to two Americans, Charles J. Pedersen, 83, now retired from Du Pont, and Donald J. Cram, 68, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and French Chemist Jean-Marie Lehn, 48. The three were cited for their work, dating back as far as the 1960s, in creating artificial molecules that can mimic the behavior of hormones and other organic substances. The lone winner in medicine was Susumu Tonegawa, 48, a Japanese-born molecular biologist at M.I.T. His contribution: showing how a handful of genes in a small number of immune cells turn out a staggering variety...
...insulators at room temperature, might also work because of their molecular structure. Stirred by a lecture on the subject, Muller started thinking about specific kinds of ceramics that might do the job. Says Bednorz: "As outsiders in the superconductor area, we could afford to tackle unconventional ideas." Was the award a surprise? "Based on the interest our work aroused, one could have expected it," says Muller, "but when it is reality, it seems unreal...
...Chemistry. Reason: Cram is in the rug-shampooing business. The Swedish Academy of Sciences had rung up the wrong man. Quipped UCLA Chemist Donald J. Cram after hearing about the mix-up: "There is some chemistry involved in carpet cleaning." Cram, Pedersen and Lehn, working independently, shared the award for their work in "host-guest" chemistry. "The basis of our work," explains Lehn, "is the way molecules are able to recognize each other." In nature, molecules that work together have complementary shapes, like a lock and a key, and only the right key will fit to initiate a given reaction...