Word: axon
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...heard in a fair manner." Bullying in the workplace takes many forms, from meaningless tasks and impossible deadlines to rumor, ridicule, and physical or verbal intimidation. In every field, from the arts to the military, there are boundaries of acceptable behavior: in December, British Royal Navy Commander David Axon was permanently relieved of control of the frigate H.M.S. Somerset following allegations that he had verbally abused two service members. According to Charlotte Rayner, professor of human resource management at Britain's Portsmouth Business School, 15% of British workers are victims of repeated bullying. In France, as many...
...That's just what Huang does, injecting fetal OEG cells into the damaged spinal cord. What's odd is that they appear to have such a rapid effect. Axons regenerate only as fast as a hair grows, so it should take months for an axon to extend from the point of injury to a paralyzed area. Yet Huang's patients seem to improve within hours of surgery. "Something is happening that we can't understand, but can't ignore," Huang says...
...laser is also being used to study nerve cells in C. elegans nematodes. Each nematode is comprised of 1,000 cells and has 302 neurons, each connected to each other the same way. Utilizing the exactness of the laser, researchers can now sever precise axon connections—akin to cutting wires in a circuit—to note behavioral changes within the worm, according to Assistant Professor of Physics Aravinthan Samuel...
...activating an enzyme that is used in transmitting signals within nerve cells, which Benowitz referred to as the "master switch," inosine stimulates the remaining nerve cells to express genes that enable them to extend a new axon...
What guides an axon on its incredible voyage is a "growth cone," a creepy, crawly sprout that looks something like an amoeba. Scientists have known about growth cones since the turn of the century. What they didn't know until recently was that growth cones come equipped with the molecular equivalent of sonar and radar. Just as instruments in a submarine or airplane scan the environment for signals, so molecules arrayed on the surface of growth cones search their surroundings for the presence of certain proteins. Some of these proteins, it turns out, are attractants that pull the growth cones...