Word: backed
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Neubauer, perhaps the ablest of their leaders-who is a member of the West German Bundestag-operates out of an office in two stove-heated rooms on the ground floor of an old apartment house in East Berlin. A Socialist mass meeting that he got Communist permission to hold back in 1954 was such a success that the People's Police have since rejected applications for anything bigger than back-room rallies. And though the party is officially tolerated, members have been squeezed out of factory jobs and often find it difficult to get apartments or pay increases...
...idealistic side, and the Central African Federation is no exception. Its motto is, "Let us deserve to be great," and its avowed policy is the "partnership" of the races. But last week the Federation was a land emotionally at war with itself, undecided which way to go-forward or back...
...last time the Polish Communist Party held a congress, back in 1954, Wladyslaw Gomulka was in jail-a Communist leader long out of favor with Stalin. But this time, as 3,000 delegates from all corners of the country gathered in Warsaw's ugly Palace of Culture and Science, Gomulka was plainly running the show and the country. His rasping, 200-page, seven-hour keynote speech was a catalogue of past achievement and future confidence, and if any in the audience still doubted the wizened little man's survival power, their doubts vanished before the week...
...private hands. When Gomulka took over, there were 10,510 cooperative farms; today there are only 1,718. Last week Minister of agriculture Edward Ochab dutifully made Marxist noises about the eventual desirability of collectivization, but told the congress that no government pressure will be brought to force farmers back under the collectivist yoke...
...more sternly noted than the degree of farm collectivization. Among the satellites, impoverished Bulgaria ranks highest, with 95%. Hungary ranks second to last, ahead only of Poland. Ever since the Hungarian revolt, when farmers up and left the collectives, the Communist leaders have had a hard time getting them back. Last December Hungary's Party Boss Janos Kadar confessed to Moscow that only 17% of the land was collectivized, and added, "We know we are behind other Socialist countries . . . but we are moving ahead as quickly...