Word: backed
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...bankers now saw not just another quick fix but a direct assault on inflation itself. Said West German Finance Minister Hans Matthöfer: "The package goes straight to the heart of the problem." Brussels Banker Roland Leuschel expressed a conviction shared by almost all European moneymen: "Throttling back on the money supply itself will be much more effective than raising interest rates in the fight against inflation. Paul Volcker is attacking inflation at its source...
...underscore their approval, investors in London promptly chopped a sharp $13 off the price of gold; during the preceding weeks it had climbed by more than $100 to hit a momentary alltime high of $447 an ounce before settling back to about $385 at the beginning of October. Not only did the yellow metal on Monday droop to $372, but the dollar rebounded smartly on international exchanges, suggesting that its latest round of being bullied was coming...
Demand for credit ballooned. In the past four weeks alone, loans to business jumped at a rate of 23%, while the commercial paper market, which is where big corporations trade megabuck lOUs back and forth among themselves, leaped by an astonishing...
...dazzling promotions continued. Volcker rose to Deputy Under Secretary for Monetary Affairs, took time out for four years as a Chase vice president, then neared the summit of global finance when President Richard Nixon brought him back to Treasury to defend the dollar against attacks from abroad. Volcker did all he could, at one point flying 31,000 miles in five days. But the pressure on the dollar was too great: twice Volcker had to preside over the humiliation of the dollar being devalued...
...Interest rates averaged 11.15% in early September, and are heading higher. Many bankers predict that they may reach 14% by year's end. But in 24 states, including Illinois, New York and Texas, usury laws hold rates to 12% or less. Lenders there are likely either to cut back on making home-buying loans or attach tighter conditions to them. A typical instance: First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Chicago has just shortened the repayment period on all mortgage loans to 25 years from 29 years, and now requires a minimum 25% down payment, vs. 20% formerly...