Word: backward
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...someone says we’ve been living under the old constitution long enough. Similarly, the Harvard curriculum, our own clearest statement of educational principles, is not a throwaway. In any design problem, studying what has and hasn’t worked in the past is not timid or backward thinking; engineers try to improve working systems by modifying them. In fact, radical design changes usually fail. Marketers always like to talk about bold innovations, but real businesses never offer radical inventions to consumers without testing them. They try out novel ideas on small groups and abandon most of them...
...will make testing unnecessary. Rather than having to carry out hundreds of costly and time-consuming tests for contaminants and speculating on their possible effects, scientists using the "toolbox" will be able to take a much simpler approach, detecting biological effects on, say, fish or water insects and working backward to identify the causes...
...authorities reserved 22% of state university places and at least 12.5% of government jobs for Dalits and members of the lower castes. But caste continues to haunt India. Last week the government reserved an additional 27% of university seats for groups that are officially known as the Other Backward Classes (OBCs), to go into effect next June. That decision sparked demonstrations in many Indian cities and towns. University faculty staged walkouts, students protested and public hospitals shut their doors to all but emergency cases. "Modern India should be built on merit, not caste," says Sudip Sen, a Ph.D student...
...government proposal at the heart of the conflict aims to reserve an additional 27% of university seats for the unfortunately termed "Other Backward Classes (OBC)" - those who, while not on the lowest rung of the social ladder, are not far from it. Once the new quotas go into effect at the start of the 2007 school year, nearly 50% of seats at elite universities such as AIIMS or the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology will be set aside for members of the lower castes...
...will GM's unhealthy U.S. health-care bill: $5.3 billion last year. Wagoner and the U.A.W. have agreed on $15 billion in long-term savings on retiree health care, but Wagoner needs rank-and-file concessions, and union officials are talking tough. "It was probably the most difficult backward step for us to take in the history of our union," says U.A.W. chief Ron Gettelfinger, referring to the $15 billion "giveback...