Word: bacterias
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...scientists led by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee studied 72 streams in eight regions across the U.S. and Puerto Rico, and found that only about a quarter of the nitrogen that spills into rivers makes it to open water, with most of the rest managed by bacteria that live in the waterways. In a process called denitrification, the microbes convert nitrates in the water into nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere. It's an excellent example of a biological service: one of the many free processes performed for us by our environment, without which life...
...half centuries, Ockham's razor has demonstrated its power across all disciplines. We figured out that infinitesimal viruses existed long before we could see them, simply by filtering the bigger bacteria out of infectious fluid and finding that it still made lab rats sick. Economics relies on Ockham too. The very best way to increase tax revenue is - sorry to say - to increase taxes. And criminal lawyers absolutely love Ockham: Motive, opportunity and your fingerprints on a weapon don't always mean you did it, but they do often enough that, odds are, you're going away for a reason...
...paper published last month in the journal PLoS Medicine. In the 1970s, most plague cases were in Asia; today, more than 90% are in Africa. The conundrum for epidemiologists: Why is human plague reappearing now, even though nearby animal populations have likely harbored the culprit Yersinia pestis bacteria all along...
...HELPED OPEN THE DOOR for modern biotechnology. Contrary to the then widely held view that bacteria reproduced by cell division, thereby creating genetically identical clones, graduate student Joshua Lederberg discovered in the '40s that bacteria can have sex, reproduce and exchange genetic material. The research won him half the 1958 Nobel Prize. Later, the longtime Rockefeller University president became the first to demonstrate that an organism's genetic material could be manipulated...
...David Sachs, a surgeon at Mass General and Harvard who led the study, is to prepare a patient's immune system well before the surgery?or, to be more exact, to deplete the immune system's T cells, which normally patrol the body looking for foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses and tissues from outside donors. Several days before the transplant surgery, Sachs' team used drugs that target and eliminate these cells to wipe the immune slate clean. Then the team transplanted the kidney along with donor bone-marrow cells. What happened next was surprising: the bone marrow rebuilt the immune...