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...Miley had already used ultraviolet blood irradiation, first conceived in 1928 by a Seattle physicist and X-ray dealer named Emmet K. Knott, to cure septicemia or "blood poisoning" (TIME, June 24, 1940). He found that the ultraviolet rays not only killed the septicemic bacteria in the blood stream but increased the oxygen content of the blood-just the thing, he suspected, for asthmatics wheezy to the point of strangulation. In the last three years he has tried the Knott technique on 24 asthma patients, all of whom defied treatment by conventional methods such as nasal surgery, allergy studies, adrenalin...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: Irradiated Blood | 10/26/1942 | See Source »

Biotin is so potent that it stimulates the growth of yeast cells even when diluted to one part in 500,000,000,000. One gram dissolved in 25,000,000 gallons of water is enough to meet the vital needs of bacteria. All higher forms of life, including man, also need tiny amounts of biotin for such vital functions as cellular respiration and growth...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Biotin Mystery Solved | 10/19/1942 | See Source »

...contributing causes of tooth decay are not clearly understood, Hill admits. But it is certain that decay is usually associated with the presence in the mouth of swarms of bacteria, whose acid excretions etch away calcium from the teeth. These bacteria cannot live in human saliva unless sugar is present; and since sugar does not occur in normal saliva, they must get their nourishment from food taken into the mouth. Says Dr. Hill: "When diets are followed which contain a rigid restriction of sugar, these acid-forming organisms rapidly disappear from the saliva...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: Dentists' Nightmare | 10/12/1942 | See Source »

...Hence immunity. Pauling and Campbell made their artificial pneumonia antibodies from serum globulin extracted from beef blood. Steps in the process: 1) the globulin molecules were heated to 135° F. for two weeks to make their structures "unfold"; 2) a complex sugar secreted by the pneumonia type III bacteria was added to the flask; 3) the solution was slowly cooled so that the molecules folded up again. But influenced by the bacterial sugar, the folding molecules assumed a modified structure in the flask, just as they would in the blood stream. Thus they became antibodies. Several tests showed that...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: Immunity in Bottles | 10/12/1942 | See Source »

Mysterious emergence out of nowhere is common to viruses. In size they are somewhere between living bacteria and lifeless molecules, and they share some characteristics of each. They crystallize like lifeless matter, but they also possess the astonishing ability to reproduce themselves like living organisms. A virus "generation" probably lasts for only 20 to 30 minutes, so that an eon of virus evolution can occur within a few years on the human time scale. New and fiercer breeds of virus can thus develop from time to time, then vanish. Doctors believe that the virus which caused the worldwide influenza plague...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: Pneumonitis | 9/28/1942 | See Source »

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