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Norrbotten is so isolated that in the 19th century, if the harvest was bad, people starved. The starving years were all the crueler for their unpredictability. For instance, 1800, 1812, 1821, 1836 and 1856 were years of total crop failure and extreme suffering. But in 1801, 1822, 1828, 1844 and 1863, the land spilled forth such abundance that the same people who had gone hungry in previous winters were able to gorge themselves for months. (See the top 10 scientific discoveries...
Epigenetics brings both good news and bad. Bad news first: there's evidence that lifestyle choices like smoking and eating too much can change the epigenetic marks atop your DNA in ways that cause the genes for obesity to express themselves too strongly and the genes for longevity to express themselves too weakly. We all know that you can truncate your own life if you smoke or overeat, but it's becoming clear that those same bad behaviors can also predispose your kids - before they are even conceived - to disease and early death...
...good news: scientists are learning to manipulate epigenetic marks in the lab, which means they are developing drugs that treat illness simply by silencing bad genes and jump-starting good ones. In 2004 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an epigenetic drug for the first time. Azacitidine is used to treat patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (usually abbreviated, a bit oddly, to MDS), a group of rare and deadly blood malignancies. The drug uses epigenetic marks to dial down genes in blood precursor cells that have become overexpressed. According to Celgene Corp. - the Summit, N.J., company that makes azacitidine - people...
Skepticism accompanied annoyance for another traveler coming from London. "I could dream up a dozen different ways to do bad things, and I just don't see how they could stop them all," said Frank Filardi. "Basically, they can figure out what the media, the Congressmen and the Members of Parliament are going to beat them up about if they let it happen, and they focus on that. I just try to stay mindful and keep an eye on my fellow passengers," he said, echoing the theme of in-flight vigilance that thwarted Abdulmutallab on Christmas morning. (See TIME...
Change is rare in this city where men drink tea on cobblestone streets wearing white thobes and ornate, traditional knives. But al-Qaeda is growing, and the government is posturing. A showdown is approaching, and people are nervous. "These extremists, they are bad people," says Ali Mohammad Risk, a medical student, as he strolls along the Saila, a winding brick highway that fills with water when it rains. (See America's military options in Yemen...