Word: bailey
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Herbert S. Bailey Jr. Princeton University Press Princeton...
...Leonard Bailey, 41, the pediatric cardiac surgeon who treated Fae, over the years had seen dozens of infants with this defect die, generally within two weeks of birth. While a transplant from a human donor could theoretically be used to help such babies, Bailey was discouraged by the drastic shortage of infant hearts. Seven years ago he began investigating the possibility of using hearts from other species, or xenografts. He performed more than 150 transplants in sheep, goats and baboons, many of them between species. Last December, after what Bailey called "months of agonizing," the Loma Linda institutional review board...
...Baby Fae, who had no defects other than her hypoplastic heart, was the first infant to come to Bailey's attention who met the criteria for his experiment. As in the case of the late Barney Clark, who in 1982 became the world's first recipient of a permanent artificial heart, an elaborate consent form had been prepared. Fae's parents signed the form once, then thought over their decision for 20 hours before signing it the required second time. According to the hospital, the couple were well informed of the risks and the alternatives...
Following what is now standard practice in heart transplants, Bailey transferred his tiny patient to a heart-lung machine, using it to gradually lower her body temperature from 98.6° F to about 68° F. The lower temperature slowed the baby's metabolism, allowing her other organs to better tolerate a reduced blood flow. One hour and 45 minutes into the operation, Bailey descended three floors to the basement, where the hospital maintains a colony of 29 primates. There, he removed the walnut-size heart of a seven-month-old female baboon, the animal that had proved...
Back in the operating room, Bailey removed Fae's defective heart and replaced it with the heart from the baboon. Because baboons have only two major arteries leaving the aortic arch, as opposed to the three in humans (see diagram), two of the baby's vessels were first joined together before being connected to one of the two arterial openings in the baboon's aorta. When the delicate plumbing job was completed, doctors slowly raised the infant's temperature and weaned her from the heart-lung machine. At 11:35 a.m. on Oct. 26, four hours and five minutes after...