Word: baku
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...might be farther east-a new Anglo-American front in the Caucasus to keep the Baku oilfields out of German hands...
...broad back carries the steel, oil. ore. tanks, guns and food of a vast chain of industrial cities stretching from its headwaters, between Leningrad and Moscow, to the salty Caspian. Canals, first dreamed of by Peter the Great, connect it with the Baltic. The Caspian is a gateway to Baku, to Iran and the outside world. Already Nazi bombers were pounding Volga shipping...
...Caucasus oil, was gone, with its arms and tractor plants. Gone, too, was control of the quiet Don's west bank. Gone was most of Russia's southern transportation system, the manganese, iron, mercury and food riches of the southwest. Ahead of the Germans lay the fabulous Baku oilfields. To win them the Nazis would not only have to complete the job of cutting off the southern lines of resistance, but cross the formidable Caucasus mountains. But if they took Stalingrad, now 75 miles beyond their grasp, the hardest part of the task would be done...
Above all, they did not have the Caucasus and its oil. An oft-told tale is Hitler's compelling need of oil, the abundance of which beckons him to Maikop and Baku. But another fact also draws him southward to the Caucasus: the Russians, too, must have Caucasian...
Beyond Kerch, which the Germans hold, lie three of the great Russian oilfields: Maikop and Grozny in the North Caucasus and Baku in the Transcaucasian Soviet republic of Azerbaijan. Maikop is closest to Kerch, 185 miles away. It produces 2,479,500 tons, only 7% of Russia's estimated yearly oil production. Grozny, farther along the way, produces slightly more. But Baku, nestled far down on the Caspian side of the Caucasus, is the richest oilfield in the world. Alone it produces nearly 75% of Russia's rich oil stores...