Word: baldwin
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Airpower at Sea. Fleet-minded Mr. Baldwin found the navy operating long-range, army-type heavy bombers from land bases, using its carrier-based dive-bombers, torpedo planes and scouting planes fully and skillfully, and the Army Air Forces cooperating closely and well at the fighting fronts. But: "We have not yet learned how to integrate the [naval] gun with the bomb and torpedo, how best to use surface ships with planes. . . . Neither the carrier alone nor the heavy bomber alone will win this war. Nor will airpower alone or seapower alone. . . . The lesson of the Pacific war is that...
...Baldwin some of the admirals seemed to have acquired an exaggerated respect for airpower. "... Some commanders have been overimpressed with the effectiveness of airpower upon surface ships, and this has resulted in overcaution...
Divided Command. The nearer Hanson Baldwin got to the fighting front, the closer he found the cooperation between Army and Navy. At the top he found fairly close integration, with room for improvement. It was in the middle ranks, particularly among airmen, that he found the most recrimination and distrust. One reason: the Army's exaggerated reports on the role of Army bombers in the Battle of Midway (Baldwin: "The Navy's carriers did the job"). Baldwin saw Navy, Marine and Army men in almost identical khaki, working "in close harmony in combat areas," concluded: "There...
...Baldwin took due and disapproving note of the "arbitrary" geographical division of Pacific command between General MacArthur in Australia and Admiral Nimitz in the southwest Pacific (TIME, Nov. 2). Gentle though they were, Baldwin's understatements helped to needle Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson into declaring last week that the Solomons campaign was jointly planned in the map-walled room where the Combined Chiefs of Staff meet (see cut, p. 67). If so, collaboration in the early stages broke down somewhere between Washington and Guadalcanal. It was also clear that Army-Navy teamwork had improved in the later...
Australia. Baldwin's only second-hand reports concerned Australia, which he did not visit. Wrote he: "Australia's internal problems have rendered MacArthur's position . . . difficult. . . . The importance of his coming and of the arrival of American troops to Australian politics is obvious. Prime Minister John Curtin's political position naturally was strengthened by these events. . . . The Australian War Cabinet naturally continued to reserve to itself a considerable share of authority. Military decisions in Australia and the adjacent area (i.e., New Guinea) have not always been General MacArthur...