Word: bans
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Even so, legislatures are coming under increasing pressure to ban dirty dialing. In April Congress banned the transmission to minors of obscene or indecent material for commercial purposes. Federal courts in New York and California promptly struck down the portion of the law applying to merely indecent matter (messages are deemed obscene if they discuss sexual activity in a clearly offensive manner, while an indecent recording might include nothing more than strong language...
...determine precisely what went wrong. As they combed the wreckage at the site, a controversy erupted on both sides of the Atlantic over the safety rules governing air shows and the propriety of holding aerial maneuvers of any kind near civilian populations. Many critics called for a complete ban on shows, citing a list of 13 accidents in Europe during the past six years that have taken the lives of more than 110 people, most of them civilians. A bare 25 minutes before the Ramstein accident, horrified spectators watched a Finnish pilot dive to his death at an air show...
West German officials had a more visceral reaction. Defense Minister Rupert Scholz declared that air shows "will never again take place," though he soon modified the ban to cover only military displays. Shows scheduled later this month in Bitburg and Lechfeld were hurriedly canceled. Many officials expressed doubt that the Ramstein event -- an annual fixture since 1955 -- would ever be held again...
...defense officials are worried about the pressure to ban low-altitude flights. "I am concerned that this accident would cause people to relate it somehow to low-level training," said U.S. Army General John R. Galvin, the NATO commander. NATO defense planners rely heavily on aircraft to offset a Warsaw Pact advantage in tanks, and effective use of aircraft demands low approaches to avoid radar and ground-to-air missiles...
...cosmetic response to the changed public mood, West German Defense Minister Scholz had already somewhat reduced the volume of low-flight military exercises, from 68,000 hours a year to 66,000, and insisted that his new ban on aerobatics applied not just to the German Luftwaffe but to NATO allies as well. In stating that claim, he seemed to be challenging the idea of the extraterritoriality of allied air bases. The 1963 NATO troops statute gives U.S. forces in West Germany the right to hold exercises in the air "as is necessary to the accomplishment of its defense mission...