Word: barter
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...have their own interest these days in the Soviet Union. Beijing and Moscow have authorized the Chinese province of Heilongjiang and the Soviet Union's Maritime province to conduct direct cross- border trade. Chinese and Soviet officials travel back and forth, comparing wish lists, displaying wares and negotiating barter deals. Since both countries have nonconvertible currencies and neither wants to expend precious reserves of hard currency, no money changes hands. The Chinese supply vegetables, prefabricated plastic greenhouses and textiles; the Soviets send back cement, seafood, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals and electrical machinery...
Furthermore, the emotions Stern and Whitehead tried to barter were not really their own. Like love, hate or appreciation of beauty, motherhood is something an individual can experience but not package for sale. The experiences of pregnancy, though personal, are too fundamentally human to be mere private property. What Whitehead felt during the nine months she carried Melissa, whom she calls Sara, were emotions that are part of her humanity. What is not owned cannot be sold...
...people reside in towns and villages. Small factories produce such goods as rough textiles, canned foods, glassware and machine parts. The economy is stagnant, in part because of an almost pathological aversion to debt. The constitution outlaws acceptance of foreign credits, thus making Albania's outside trade dependent on barter deals or the cash sale of its exports, which include chromium, oil and agricultural products. The economy is also crippled by a disintegrating industrial base. Chinese- and Soviet-built steel mills, power plants and tractor factories, between eight and 25 years old, are falling apart...
...orders, had secretly shipped military equipment to Iran even as it was waging an international crusade for a strict arms embargo against that country for promoting terrorism. Worse yet, the shipments, which broke the spirit and perhaps the letter of U.S. law, had become entangled with murky efforts to barter for the release of American hostages, even as the U.S. was proclaiming that it would never deal with terrorist kidnapers...
...promote. The East bloc nations face serious balance-of-trade problems that lucrative new commercial agreements with the Chinese could help to correct. The Chinese, for their part, produce an enormous quantity of consumer items, particularly textiles and simple manufactured goods like thermos bottles that they would like to barter for East European machine tools and other basic products needed to equip their burgeoning rural industries. China's primitive manufacturing concerns can neither afford nor fully exploit the benefits of advanced Western technology...