Word: barter
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...less for consumers to consume, and people are forced to save the money they cannot spend. At least 165 billion rubles in involuntary savings, the equivalent of six months of retail sales, lies like a deadweight on the economy. The ruble is worth so little that enterprises must barter their output and pay their workers with goods rather than money...
...unlikely event that the Soviets were to promise not to seize incoming goods, Vilnius still would not have the hard currency to pay for them. Barter deals are unlikely since Lithuania does not produce much that the West would want. The republic's agricultural goods do not meet Western standards because of excessive use of pesticides. Most of its other potential exports, such as TV sets and tractor parts, are also of inferior quality...
...have flown at least 20,000 miles receive a catalog listing available rebates when they buy such items as a Toyota Tercel ($400 off for 20,000 miles) or a full- length lynx fur coat ($15,000 for 120,000 miles). Still, some travel- industry experts consider the barter system overly complex and many of the rebates less than breathtaking...
...first the deal sounds like a bad perestroika joke: How many bottles of Pepsi can a Soviet citizen buy with a merchant ship and a case of vodka? But the barter agreement that PepsiCo and the Soviet Union signed last week is worth a serious $3 billion. In the largest deal ever struck with an American company, the Soviets will trade ships and spirits for expanded Pepsi production. The complex barter system was necessary because the ruble is not readily convertible to Western currency. PepsiCo, which currently produces 40 million cases of soft drinks in the U.S.S.R. each year, will...
While many Brazilians have spent their cashless week standing in line trying to withdraw funds at banks, others have learned how to barter for food. Anxiety runs high: the number of people admitted to hospitals in Rio because of chest pain has doubled over the past several days. Yet Collor's shock treatment has actually boosted his popularity. Elected with 43% of the total vote last fall, he has 80% of citizens supporting his new reforms...