Word: bartkus
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Supreme Court's rulings resulted from two separate trials, one by an Illinois court, the other by a Federal court, given to three men. In 1953, a Federal court acquited Alfonse Bartkus of the charge of robbing a Federally insured bank in Cicero, Ill. An Illinois court then prosecuted him on the same charge and sentenced him to life imprisonment...
...Alfonse Bartkus, ex-convict, charged with robbing a federally insured Cicero savings and loan association in 1953, was found "not guilty'' in federal court, found guilty three weeks later in state court, sentenced to life imprisonment as a habitual criminal...
...that violates both federal and state statutes can be penalized in both court systems without being considered double jeopardy within either system. Wrote Justice Felix Frankfurter, 76, as he picked the majority's way through court precedent in the Bartkus case: "It would be in derogation of our federal system to displace the reserved power of states over state offenses by reason of prosecution of minor federal offenses by federal authorities beyond the control of the states...