Word: basic
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Dates: during 2010-2019
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Meet the Epigenome The answer lies beyond both nature and nurture. Bygren's data - along with those of many other scientists working separately over the past 20 years - have given birth to a new science called epigenetics. At its most basic, epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code but still get passed down to at least one successive generation. These patterns of gene expression are governed by the cellular material - the epigenome - that sits on top of the genome, just outside it (hence the prefix epi-, which means above...
...alone? I had a patient just the week before Christmas who had a tumor found in his abdomen. It was on multiple spinal X-rays he'd had, but they were just looking at the spine and they forgot to check the other images. It's a kind of basic mistake radiologists can make. But if you have a checklist, you make sure you've looked...
...have also identified genetic markers for the disease, which should allow doctors to distinguish facial tumor disease easily from other cancers that afflict the Tasmanian devil, and could eventually help determine a genetic pathway to attack the tumor itself. "This is the first application of genetics to estimate the basic biology of the tumor," says Tony Papenfuss, a bioinformatics researcher at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne and a co-author of the Science paper. "And we've produced a set of tools that can push that information further...