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...China in this century. No one has proved more adept than Deng in staging tactical retreats, sometimes going so far as to make public confessions of error in which he almost certainly did not believe. He is, moreover, a dedicated Communist who does not question, publicly at least, the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism. Yet in his patient but dogged style, Deng has continually tested the doctrine's outer limits. Says Rong Yiren, chairman of the China International Trust and Investment Corporation: "He is convinced that the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism are correct but also that the ideology should...
Deng's increasingly leftist ideas quickly brought him into contact with radical politics. Like many other Chinese students in France, he joined the French Communist Party, where he learned basic Marxist theory as well as the Internationale. (The Chinese Communist Party was not founded until 1921.) Later, as a member of the Chinese Socialist Youth League in France, Deng was assigned to mimeograph its journal, Red Light, a task he performed with such zeal that his fellow activists nicknamed him "Doctor of Mimeography...
...Deng left France to study at Moscow's newly established Sun Yat-sen University. He and other Chinese students attended classes in Marxist social evolution, the history of revolutions and basic military training. Among heroes of the Russian Revolution who came to visit were Leon Trotsky and Nikolai Bukharin. Whether or not it made an impression at the time, Deng's six-month stay coincided with the end of Lenin's New Economic Policy, which included a return to some private agricultural production and denationalization of much small-scale industry...
...ultra-cheap Yugo, the only Communist-built car sold in the U.S. Amid the factory hubbub, Radojko Suljagic, a department manager, extols the 78-member workers' council that ostensibly controls Red Banner. The elective body, of which Suljagic is president, not only chooses factory management but also sets such basic policies as wages and production targets. Says Suljagic proudly: "It is the most important institution in the factory. It is the final step in decision making...
...heart of Yugoslavia's brand of Communism is "workers' self-management," Tito's notion that the means of economic production should belong directly to workers, rather than to the state. The Yugoslav system now depends on Basic Organizations of Associated Labor, which are, in theory, voluntary groups of workers who make any type of product...