Word: bbl
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...four expendable sources: oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Each suffers one or more environmental, safety, cost or supply disadvantages. The International Energy Agency estimates that this year, even without new crude production cutbacks by OPEC, the worldwide supply of oil could fall short of demand by 2.3 million bbl. a day. The U.S. is particularly vulnerable, since it accounts for 19 million bbl. of the total demand of 60 million bbl., and uses about 60% of all the gasoline burned in the industrial countries...
Shale. In a 16,000-sq.-mi. area where Colorado, Utah and Wyoming meet, vast deposits of shale hold an estimated 1.8 trillion bbl. of oil, roughly 60 times the nation's proven reserves of liquid petroleum. Shale is a hard rock, light gray to charcoal in color, that contains a solid organic material called kerogen. When heated to temperatures as high as 900° F, it breaks down into oil and gas. The richest shale deposits yield up to 2 bbl. of oil per ton. Not all shale is recoverable, but it could contribute...
...Congressional Caucus study optimistically forecasts that 50% of Maine's energy needs could be met by wood in the mid-1980s. Also, about 150 paper and pulp plants burn wood commercially, each producing an average of 500 kw of electricity for local industry, thus saving about 5 million bbl. of oil per year...
...OPEC, leads the world in coal-to-oil technology. Converting coal since the 1950s, South Africa now produces 10% of its oil and gas from coal. The Pretoria government has commissioned Fluor Corp. to build two new plants for $6.7 billion that will produce more than 80,000 bbl. of oil per day by 1983. The process requires 1 ton of coal for 1 bbl. of oil. South Africa keeps cost figures secret, but outside estimates of close to $30 per bbl. make conversion only a longterm, expensive solution to U.S. energy needs. However, a small test plant has been...
...restoration of "low head" dams (less than 65 ft. high) to supply power to local communities and industries. The New England Congressional Caucus, a group of the area's federal representatives, puts the potential regional saving from new dams at up to 19 million bbl. of oil a year, or as much as the U.S. uses...