Word: bcg
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Drawbacks. A second strong plea for the vaccine is.made in BCG Vaccination Against Tuberculosis (Little, Brown; $7.50) by the University of Illinois' Dr. Sol Rosenthal. With the help of the Pasteur Institute's famed bacteriologist Dr. Camille Guérin, 84, TB Fighter Rosenthal records the disappointments attending early efforts to perfect a TB vaccine, then the surprising success of France's late Dr. Albert Calmette, with Guérin collaborating, in attenuating a strain of tubercle bacilli taken from human patients by growing them in cattle. The trouble was that the vaccine, now universally known...
...objections to BCG are based on doubts of its safety and effectiveness, plus the complaint that it invalidates the tuberculin skin test.* Dr. Carroll Palmer of the U.S. Public Health Service found that among 50,000 young people in Puerto Rico, the vaccine cut TB by only...
Among the many mysteries of tuberculosis, none is greater than the inability of doctors on opposite sides of the Atlantic to agree on the value of BCG vaccine (TIME, Dec. 25, 1950) as a TB preventive. Medical men in Europe, and especially Scandinavia, look at the reports on their BCG programs and see "proof" that the vaccine is effective in conferring immunity. Doctors in the U.S. look at the same reports (supposedly scientific, and therefore objective) and sneer: it's no good. In this crossfire the British stayed neutral for years, finally started a searching BCG test of their...
...elaborate as the famed U.S. Salk vaccine trials in 1954, though not as extensive. In London, Birmingham and Manchester 56,700 high school children of 14 to 15½ took part: 13,300, who reacted negative to the tuberculin test, were left unvaccinated as controls; 14,100 more received BCG vaccine; 6,700 got another type of vaccine, vole bacillus.* Another 22,600 children, all of whom showed positive in tuberculin tests, were left unvaccinated as a second group of controls for comparison...
...years all participants in the test were checked with examinations and X rays. There were no deaths from TB, but 165 cases cropped up. Of these. 64 were in the negative-unvaccinated group, for an annual rate of 1.94 cases per 1,000; 13 were in the BCG group, a rate of .37 per 1,000, and seven were in the vole bacillus group, for a rate of .44. Of particular importance: not one of the TB cases in the vaccinated groups was of the especially dangerous meningeal (brain covering) or miliary (throughout the body) variety. There were 81 cases...