Word: began
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...long after the war began the Japanese showed signs of coveting the accumulated riches of the concessions. In North China the Japanese demanded that the foreign concession at Tientsin, and the Legation Quarter at Peking, turn over to their puppet Government for a new Federal Reserve Bank some $9,000.000 in silver belonging to the Chinese Government-controlled banks. When foreign authorities (backed by the French and British Governments) refused, the Japanese took the extraordinary procedure of issuing paper money "against" this silver...
...were under stand-by orders. The British ordered out their entire defense forces, landing both soldiers and sailors from warships. The Shanghai Volunteer Corps and the International Settlement Police were called out to the last man. To give the Japanese no excuse for penetrating the area, Settlement patrols also began a systematic search for terrorists arrested 150 Chinese, found no ammunition. Two Chinese-language newspapers which had carried a speech by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek were suspended...
...them even more likely to continue this preference. For some 40,000 Japanese civilians and thousands of Army men who have thrown money about in the cafes geisha houses, bars and dance halls of Shanghai, the yen's fall meant that gaiety would become more expensive. Japanese officials began asking their nationals not to spend their yen in the International Settlement and the Japanese-sponsored Asia Development Board began a "thrift" campaign to cut down on "entertainment...
...That the financial situation of Japan in China (not to mention Japanese prestige there) had suddenly taken a turn for the worse was evident when Toshigo Somma, Shanghai secretary to the Japanese Minister of Finance, suddenly departed for Tokyo for advice and counsel. And in Japan proper, the Government began a census of gold which included plates, rings, antiques, but not teeth...
...called in the sonorous and yet biting language of Marx to an unlistening world proletariat. Seizing the Petrograd radio while the war still raged, they broadcast frantically for peace: "To all! To all! To all!" They summoned a congress of the Third International, sent out a manifesto which began: "Europe is in flames; the wolves of capitalism howl among the ruins!" They dropped their rigorous membership requirements only when Denikin was marching on Moscow, when membership, involving danger above everything, could appeal only to revolutionists. When the civil war ended they were masters of the country-a starving, typhus-ridden...