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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...flies but also in higher-order mammals - may perform such a pressure-releasing role. During sleep, researchers theorize, the brain actively prunes the neural network laid out during waking hours, trimming away weaker connections that haven't been used in a while or weren't strong enough to begin with. The stronger connections are believed to be filed during sleep into long-term memory, where they can be accessed again and again as needed. All this nocturnal tidying creates room for new connections to be formed when the brain wakes again. "If this didn't happen, theoretically, over time...
...gold standard of medical evidence, the randomized controlled trial. And as convincing and as large as the current study is, Fauci notes that it too lacks this scientific imprimatur. In Kitahata's study, researchers followed patients as they and their doctors made their own decisions about when they would begin drug therapy. Those who chose to start early - before their CD4 counts reached 350 cells or 500 cells, for instance - may have simply been more health-conscious overall and therefore less likely to die, which could have confounded the study's results. Only a randomized and controlled trial in which...
...Still, Fauci acknowledges that the sheer size of Kitahata's study gives its findings some weight. She presented the preliminary data to a government panel on HIV-treatment guidelines in February, and the results have since gotten HIV experts talking about whether waiting to begin treatment until the current threshold of 350 cells is reached is too late to improve HIV patients' survival...
...city started by focusing on what it could control directly. Bloomberg launched a $2.3 billion plan last July to reduce carbon emissions from city-owned properties 30% by 2017 by retrofitting buildings with more-efficient lights and better insulation. The payoff is that the city expects to begin saving money through reduced energy bills as early as 2015. On the streets, 15% of the city's 13,000 taxis are hybrids, with more on the way. "The city has made progress on improving what it can control," says Jonathan Rose, a New York architect and sustainable-design expert. "The place...
...occasional sing-along session. Like Deacon’s previous work, “Bromst” is still primarily instrumentally driven, but his sound has evolved into something catchier, lighter, and ultimately more inviting. “Build Voice,” the album’s opener, begins with a grating, repetitive drone which eventually becomes the backbone of the entire track. After your ears adjust to the initial irritation, however, it somehow morphs into an undeniably musical sound. The same drone is no longer unsettling noise but an oscillation between two notes with a clear, pounding rhythm...