Word: behavior
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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This study clearly demonstrates the way in which rewarding consequences to the model may outweigh the value systems of observers--children readily adopted successful modeling behavior even though they had labeled it objectionable, morally reprehensible, and publicly had criticized the model for engaging in such behavior...
...many televised and other mass media presentations antisocial models amass considerable rewarding resources through devious means but are punished following the last commercial on the assumption that the punishment ending will erase or counteract the learning of the model's antisocial behavior. The findings of an experiment by Bandura in 1965 reveal that although punishment administered to a model tends to inhibit children's performance of the modeled behavior, it has virtually no influence on the occurrence of imitative learning. In this experiment children observed a film-mediated aggressive model who was severely punished in one condition, generously rewarded...
Consistent with the findings cited earlier, a post-exposure test of imitative behavior showed that children who observed the punished model performed significantly fewer imitative responses than children in the model-rewarded and the no-consequence groups. Children in all three groups were then offered attractive incentives contingent on their reproducing the model's behavior. The introduction of the rewards completely wiped out the previously observed performance differences, revealing an equivalent amount of learning among the children in the model-rewarded, model-punished, and the no-consequence groups. Moreover, girls had acquired approximately as much imitative aggression...
...might be concluded from these findings that exposure of children to punished antisocial or other types of models is likely to result in little overt imitative behavior. Nevertheless, the observed behavior is learned and may be exhibited on future occasions given appropriate instigation, the instruments necessary for performing the imitative acts, and the prospect of sufficiently attractive positive rewards contingent on the successful execution of the behavior...
...endowed with a capacity to behave aggressively. However, the frequency with which he exhibits such behavior, the specific forms that it takes, and the targets that are selected for attack, are strongly influenced by social experience. Societal training in aggression is partly achieved through the types of examples that it provides. There now exists a large body of evidence that the attitudes, values, and behavior of children, as well as adults, can be substantially altered through observation of the actions of others and its consequences for them...