Word: behavior
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...influential role of modeling processes in personality development is further revealed by studies demonstrating that children adopt, through observation of behavior exemplified by adults and peers, relatively complex attributes including standards of achievement and self-evaluation, patterns of emotional responsivity, syntatic styles, moral judgmental orientations, and patterns of self-gratification...
...Consequences of Rewarding Aggressive Behavior...
...manner in which rewarding or punishing consequences to the model's behavior influences imitation is demonstrated in another experiment in which nursery school children observed either an aggressive model rewarded, an aggressive model punished, or had no exposure to the models. The models were two adults, and the film presented to the children was projected into a television console. In the aggression-rewarded condition, Rocky, the aggressive model, appropriates all of Johnny's attractive play possessions and tasty foodstuffs through aggressive - domineering means. The film shown to the children in the aggression-punished condition was identical with that shown...
...conclusion of the experiment each child was asked to evaluate the behavior of Rocky and Johnny and to select the character he preferred to emulate. These data yielded some interesting and surprising findings. As might be expected, children who observed Rocky's aggressive behavior punished both failed to reproduce his behavior and rejected him as a model for emulation. On the other hand, when Rocky's aggression was highly successful in amassing rewarding resources, he was chosen by most of the children as the preferred model for imitation. The surprising finding, however, is that without exception these children were highly...
...primary basis for emulation (e.g., "Rocky beat Johnny and chase him and get all the good toys" ... "He came and snatched Johnny's toys. Get a lot of toys" ...). The children resolved the conflict by derogating the unfortunate victim, aparently as justification for Rocky's exploitive-assaultive behavior. They criticized Johnny for his inability to control Rocky ("He's a cry baby. Didn't know how to make Rocky mind"), for his miserliness ("If he'd shared right in the beginning, Rocky might have played nice"), and generally described him as "Sulky," "Mean," and "Sort of dumb...