Word: behaviorism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...rescuing lobsters, which Sharfstein suggests could have been used more productively, is less than what many students probably spend in a year for alcohol or in a week for a vacation, yet Sharfstein does not refer to the "perverted values" which, according to his logic, are responsible for this behavior...
...habit; some scared souls stubbed out cigarettes on the spot. Last week the Federal Government marked the 25th anniversary of that first alarm with a new Surgeon General's report that charts the progress in the war against tobacco. The past quarter-century has seen "a revolution in smoking behavior," declared C. Everett Koop, the current Surgeon General. "In the 1940s and '50s, smoking was chic; now, increasingly, it is shunned." But, he continued, tobacco is still "the single most important preventable cause of death, responsible for 1 out of every 6 deaths...
...Shultz and his colleagues quickly add that the improvement in Soviet behavior is in response to American firmness. State Department officials dismiss talk about Soviet "initiatives" or a Soviet "peace offensive," since those phrases suggest that Mikhail Gorbachev is leading the way toward a more tranquil future. "Insofar as Gorbachev is now more peacefully inclined," says Richard Solomon, director of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, "it's because he's butting his head up against new realities, notably including the Reagan Doctrine...
There are mysteries, and then again there are mysteries. Those that involve capital crimes oblige a movie to solve the puzzle clearly, neatly and, one hopes, surprisingly before the final fade-out. There is, however, a better class of enigma that involves less deadly, even comical, forms of human behavior. And there is a better class of film that is wisely content to set forth such shadowy dilemmas and leave them unresolved, resonating in our minds...
Doctors emphasize that drugs should be a last, not a first, resort. Minor interventions, such as moving a child to the front row in class or allowing him more time to complete tasks, can lead to improvement. Rewards -- extra television or a favorite snack -- can help reinforce good behavior. And psychological therapy can bolster a child's flagging self-esteem and address social problems, like a lack of friends, that contribute to his distress. Only when these remedies fail should parents try medication on their overly active youngsters...