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“We thought that [it raised] issues for scholars in general,” Lockman said, adding that “it needs to be clear that it’s not acceptable to take undisclosed funding from an intelligence agency.”
At a time when the United States government supported then-Pakistani President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who was described by The Economist as a “fundamentalist Sunni dictator,” it is even more important to be clear about academic independence, Lelyveld added in his letter.
Safran’s 1982 contract with the CIA said that the intelligence agency had the right to review and approve the book before its publication, and that its role in funding the book would not be disclosed.
Although Lockman said that he found the book to be unbiased, secretly taking funds from a government agency compromised the academic impartiality of Safran’s work.
According to Lockman, universities have not adequately addressed their links to government funding to this day, adding that educational institutions have to be careful about encouraging scholars to receive state funding and avoid any research agenda set by government agencies.